Steps to Start a Private Limited Company (Unipessoal LDA) in Portugal

1. Legal Requirements and Documentation

To start a Unipessoal LDA in Portugal, you need:

•  Portuguese Residency Card: Required for non-EU/EFTA nationals, along with a visa
  and residence permit.
• Tax Identification Number (NIF): Issued by the Portuguese tax office.
• Social Security Number (NISS): Necessary for social security contributions.
• Individual Limited Liability Establishment: This structure separates personal and
  business assets, providing limited liability protection. It requires a minimum investment,
  making it crucial to understand the financial obligations involved.

2. Choosing a Business Name

Select a unique name for your company and obtain a Validation Certificate (Certificado de
Admissibilidade) from the National Registry of Companies.

This certificate costs €75 and is valid for three months.

3. Opening a Bank Account

Open a business bank account in Portugal and deposit the minimum share capital, which is
typically €1 but can be higher depending on the business needs.

Different business structures, such as public limited companies, may require a higher minimum
capital.

4. Registering the Company

Register your company with the Portuguese Commercial Registry. This can be done online
through the “Empresa Online” portal or in person.

The registration process includes submitting the company’s articles of association, proof of
capital deposit, and other required documents.

The cost is around €360.

5. Tax Registration

Register your business for taxation with the Portuguese Tax Authority (Autoridade Tributária e
Aduaneira). Obtain a VAT number (NIF-IVA) if applicable.

6. Social Security Registration

Register with the Portuguese Social Security system (Segurança Social) if you plan to hire
employees. This involves making regular social security contributions.

Benefits and Support Programs

1. Limited Liability

A Unipessoal LDA offers limited liability protection, meaning the shareholder’s personal assets
are protected from business debts.

This is a significant advantage over sole proprietorships, where personal assets are at risk.

2. Government Incentives

The Portuguese government provides various incentives for LDAs, including tax benefits,
financial support programs, and innovation grants.

Programs like the Portugal Golden Visa scheme attract foreign investors by offering residency in
exchange for significant investments.

The AICEP, the Portuguese Agency for Investment and Foreign Trade, oversees and
selects foreign investment projects that enhance the local economy, contribute to
competitiveness and sustainability, and create employment opportunities.

Understanding how to pay taxes and the available tax benefits is crucial for entrepreneurs.

Corporate income tax rates, deadlines for tax returns, and specific tax benefits and support
programs are essential aspects to consider when starting a business in Portugal.

3. Simplified Registration

The registration process for a Unipessoal LDA has been simplified, making it easier and faster
for foreign entrepreneurs to start a business in Portugal.

The “Empresa Online” system allows for quick and efficient company registration.

Taxation and Financial Aspects with the Portuguese Tax Authority

1. Corporate Income Tax

Unipessoal LDAs are subject to corporate income tax (CIT) at a standard rate of 21% on the
mainland, with lower rates in the Azores and Madeira.

Portugal also has double taxation treaties with many countries to avoid fiscal evasion.

Additionally, separating personal and business assets in structures like Individual Limited
Liability Establishments and private limited companies (Lda) can impact tax obligations and
protect personal assets from business liabilities.

2. Social Security Contributions

Employers must contribute 23.75% of their employees’ gross salaries to the Portuguese social
security system, while employees contribute 11%.

Business owners with unlimited liability, such as individual entrepreneurs, are personally
responsible for the company’s debts and legal compliance, affecting their social security
contributions.

3. VAT Registration

Depending on the nature of your business, you may need to register for Value Added Tax (VAT)
with the Financas (Portuguese Taxing Authority).

This involves obtaining a VAT number (NIF-IVA).

Comparison with an LLC in the USA: Corporate Income Tax Considerations

1. Legal Structure and Liability

Unipessoal LDA:

Offers limited liability protection, meaning the shareholder’s personal
assets are protected from business debts. It is designed for single shareholders.

A private limited company in Portugal is popular due to its ease of establishment, asset
protection, and minimum capital requirements.

It is also relevant for the Portugal Golden Visa Programme, attracting foreign investors
looking to start a business and gain residence permits.

LLC in the USA:

Also offers limited liability protection, shielding members’ personal
assets from business liabilities.

LLCs can have one or more members.

Sole Proprietorship:

In contrast, a sole proprietorship in Portugal involves single
ownership with no distinction between personal and business assets, leading to unlimited
liability.

Transitioning from a sole proprietorship to a Unipessoal LDA can provide better liability
protection and ownership structure.

2. Taxation

Unipessoal LDA:

Subject to corporate income tax at a standard rate of 21%. Profits are
taxed at the company level, and dividends are taxed at the shareholder level.

LLC in the USA:

Typically enjoys pass-through taxation, meaning profits and losses are
reported on the members’ personal tax returns, avoiding double taxation.
LLCs can also elect to be taxed as a corporation.

3. Registration Process

Unipessoal LDA:

Requires obtaining a NIF, opening a bank account, depositing
minimum share capital, and registering with the Portuguese Commercial Registry. The
process can be completed online or in person.

LLC in the USA:

Involves choosing a business name, filing Articles of Organization
with the state, obtaining an EIN, and creating an Operating Agreement.

The process varies by state but generally involves fewer steps than forming a corporation.

4. Management and Flexibility

Unipessoal LDA:

Managed by the sole shareholder or appointed managers. Offers
operational flexibility similar to other limited liability companies.

LLC in the USA:

Can be member-managed or manager-managed, providing flexibility
in management structure. LLCs are not required to hold annual meetings or maintain
detailed minutes, unlike corporations.

The “Empresa na Hora” Option

Portugal offers a streamlined service called “Empresa na Hora” (Company in an Hour), which
allows entrepreneurs to set up a company quickly and efficiently.

This service simplifies the registration process by providing pre-approved company names and
standardized articles of association.

The entire process can be completed in one visit to a designated office, making it an attractive
option for those looking to start a business swiftly.

Common Pursuits for Unipessoal LDA Business Structure

Many expats start Unipessoal LDAs in various sectors such as:

Tourism Industry:

Given Portugal’s popularity as a tourist destination, many
entrepreneurs start businesses in hospitality, tour services, and travel agencies.

Real Estate:

With a growing real estate market, property management and real estate
investment companies are common.

Technology and Innovation:

Portugal’s tech scene is booming, making it an attractivesector for startups focusing on software development, IT services, and innovativesolutions.

Portuguese companies have seen significant success in the tech sector, contributing to the
country’s reputation as a hub for innovation.

Online Businesses:

E-commerce, digital marketing, and online consulting services are
popular due to the global reach and lower overhead costs.

Conclusion

Starting a Unipessoal LDA in Portugal offers numerous advantages, including limited liability
protection, government incentives, and a simplified registration process.

When compared to an LLC in the USA, both structures provide limited liability and operational
flexibility, but they differ in taxation and registration processes.

By understanding the legal requirements, financial obligations, and support programs available,
you can successfully establish and grow your business in Portugal and starting Unipessoal LDA in Portugal.

This business structure is particularly suitable for solo entrepreneurs looking to benefit from
Portugal’s favorable business environment and strategic location within the European Union.

If you are thinking of starting a business in Portugal, we can help.  Our team of attorneys and accountants can take care of everything!  Contact us at Info@MoveToPortugalNow.com